Influence of fluorine substitution on the morphology and structure of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals prepared by hydrothermal method |
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Authors: | A. Joseph Nathanael D. Mangalaraj S.I. Hong Y. Masuda Y.H. Rhee H.W. Kim |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea;2. Thin Film and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India;3. Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India;4. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan;5. Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea |
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Abstract: | Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals with different levels of fluorine substitution (P/F = 0, 6, 4 and 2) on the OH sites were produced via hydrothermal method. The fluorine substitution was found to alter the morphology of crystals appreciably. The aspect ratio and the crystallinity of HAp crystals increased with increasing fluorine substitution. The presence of broad ring and hallow ring patterns in electron diffraction suggests the low-crystalline nature of HAp crystals. With increasing fluorine substitution, the diffraction patterns exhibited discrete rings and numerous diffraction spots, implying the increased crystallinity. Raman spectra from the HAp nanoparticles also support the less-crystalline nature of the pristine HAp and the enhanced crystallization by fluorine substitution. In HAp crystals processed with no fluorine substitution, surface energy and planar Ca2+ density are less sensitive to the crystallographic orientation because of its low-crystalline nature, favoring equi-axed or slightly elongated particles. The addition of fluorine apparently increased the crystallinity, enhancing the orientation dependent growth and accordingly the aspect ratio. Osteoblast proliferation was observed to be enhanced by fluorine substitution in HAp. In vitro biological data support that the excellent osteoblastic cell viability and functional activity of the fluoridated apatite. |
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Keywords: | Biomaterials Nanostructures Crystal growth Electron microscopy Mechanical testing |
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