清朝时期渭南地区洪涝灾害特征研究

研究历史时期洪涝灾害变化规律能为该地区开展防涝减灾工作提供指导意义。搜集洪涝灾害史料,利用滑动平均、小波分析、最小二乘等方法,对清朝时期渭南地区洪涝灾害特征及其气候变化响应进行研究。研究表明:清朝时期渭南地区共发生87次洪涝灾害,平均每3 a发生1次,其中轻度涝灾、中度涝灾、重度涝灾、特大涝灾分别发生了35、28、18、6次;洪涝灾害季节差异显著,单季洪涝灾害中以夏、秋季居多,两季洪涝灾害中以夏秋季连涝为主;洪涝灾害依据其不同时期发生的频次可划分5个阶段,第3阶段(1732-1821年)和第5阶段(1882-1911年)为频发期,第1阶段(1644-1681年)为次频发期,第2阶段(1682-1731年)和第4阶段(1822-1881年)为少发期。洪涝灾害存在11、30 a显著变化周期;清朝时期渭南地区洪涝灾害是对气候变化的响应,洪涝灾害少发期,气候干燥,降水较少,洪涝灾害频发期,气候暖湿,降水增多。对洪涝灾害进行六次多项式拟合,拟合发现不同时期洪涝灾害分布不均,整体呈波动变化。

Study on characteristics of flood disasters in Weinan region during the Qing Dynasty

Study on the variation rules of historical flood disasters can provide guidance for the prevention and reduction flood disasters. We collected the historical flood disasters data, and used the moving average, wavelet analysis and least square, to analyze the characteristics of flood disasters and the response to climate change in Weinan area during the Qing Dynasty. The results showed that: Flood disasters have occurred 87 times in Weinan area during the Qing Dynasty, with the mild, moderate, severe, and catastrophic flood disaster occurred 35, 28, 18, and 6 times, respectively. There were significant season differences to flood disasters. For the single-flood disaster, summer and autumn happened mostly, and for the two-season flood disaster, it mainly happened in summer and autumn. The flood disasters can be divided into five stages, the third stage (1732-1821) and the fifth stage (1882-1911) are the frequent periods. The first stage (1644-1681) is the secondary frequent periods. The second stage (1682-1731) and the fourth stage (1822-1881) are the less periods. There are periodic changes of 11, 30 years in flood disasters. The flood disaster was the response to the climate change in the Weinan area during the Qing Dynasty. In the period of less flood disaster, the climate was dry, the precipitation was less. In the period of frequent flood disaster, the climate was warm and wet and the precipitation increased. With six power polynomial fitting for flood disasters, the distribution of flood disasters in different periods was uneven, and the overall trend fluctated.