雷击模拟试验中放电路径观测技术

为给各种环境条件下模拟雷击放电试验中放电路径的观测提供经济可靠的观测方法,采用单反相机并借助于光学滤镜等其他现代电子设备,观测不同环境条件下大量的放电试验现象,总结了放电试验在户外试验场和室内实验室以及在白天和夜间不同光线环境下进行时的观测方法。结果表明,借助单反相机及其配件,采用6~10s的长时间曝光模式并合理设置ISO感光度和光圈大小及其他参数可实现对放电路径的观测,即在户外强光环境下,需借助于ND滤镜,相机ISO感光度需设置较小的值,且采用小光圈,而在弱光或黑暗的户外和室内条件下,相机ISO感光度和光圈均可适当增大。

Observation Technology of Discharge Path in Simulated Lightning Test

To provide an inexpensive and reliable way to observe discharge path of simulated lightning test under different environmental conditions, digital single lens reflex camera, neutral density filter and other electronic equipment were employed to observe the phenomena of discharge tests. The observation technologies of discharge tests are summarized under conditions of indoor and field tests, daytime and nighttime. The results show that the discharge path can be captured by means of a DSLR camera if the shutter speed is set about 6 10 s and other parameters such as ISO speed and aperture are correctly set; when discharge test is conducted at bright outdoors, a neutral density filter should be installed on the camera lens; besides, ISO speed and aperture should be set at a low value; while test is conducted at dim or even dark outdoors or indoors, both ISO speed and aperture can be appropriately increased.