Phase equilibria in the RuO2−Bi2O3−CdO−Nb2O5 system

Interactions between the conductive phase in thick-film resistor materials (RuO₂ and Bi₂Ru₂O₇) and TCR modifiers (CdO and Nb₂O₅) were studied. Phase equilibria in the RuO₂−Bi₂O₃−CdO, RuO₂−Bi₂O₃−Nb₂O₅ and RuO₂−CdO−Nb₂O₅ systems were examined. The lines in the systems were established. The existence of a solid solution of composition Bi _2−x Cd _x Ru₂O _7−x/2 was confirmed.