Comparative study of gigahertz CMOS LC quadrature voltage-controlled oscillators with relevance to phase noise

This review paper presents a comparative study of published integrated submicron CMOS quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator designs, based on LC resonator tanks operating at gigahertz frequencies. Although special reference to phase noise reduction is made, the comparison also concerns issues such as power consumption, tuning range and the phase accuracy of the quadrature signals. The effect of supply voltage reduction on the choice of the oscillator topology is also included in the discussion.