Comparison of earthworm- and fish-derived chemicals eliciting prey attack by garter snakes (Thamnophis) |
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Authors: | Gordon M Burghardt Scot E Goss Fred M Schell |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Psychology and Zoology Graduate Program in Ethology (Life Sciences), University of Tennessee, 37996 Knoxville, Tennessee;(2) Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 37996 Knoxville, Tennessee |
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Abstract: | Materials eliciting increased tongue flicking and prey attack in garter snakes were isolated from both earthworm and fish prey. New extraction methods based on chloroform-methanol mixtures are valuable adjuncts to the more typical aqueous preparations. Both high- and low-molecular weight components from earthworms and fish were active. The similarity between the active chemicals in these two classes of prey was established using several methods of analysis. These included chromatography, carbohydrate and amino acid analyses, and nuclear magnetic resonance. |
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Keywords: | Chemoreception garter snakes Thamnophis sirtalis chemical cues vomeronasal system Lumbricus terrestris Pitnephales promelas |
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