杉根精油分离及其化学成分测定

用干馏工艺扩试提取杉根精油,干馏釜3m3,干馏温度105～420℃,时间6.0h,产品得率为6.08%,是水蒸气蒸馏提取方法的3倍。产品相对密度(25℃)为0.9912～1.021,折射率nD20为1.4799,旋光度+0.5°。应用GC法对100～250℃的精油化学成分进行了分析,分出41个色谱峰,共鉴定出39个化合物,占该精油总质量的99.16%,其中主要成分为α-蒎烯3.8010%(质量分数,下同),d-柠檬烯2.8893%,β-松油烯7.1880%,长叶烯10.4162%,β-石竹烯4.2064%,α-木罗烯3.017%,β-松油醇2.876%,β-榄香烯4.5719%,柏木醇31.5087%,愈创木醇6.1426%,实验结果表明,精油化学成分及含量因树龄、树的部位、提取工艺不同,差异很大。

Determination of Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Root of Cunninghamia lanceolata

The essential oil of the root of Cunninghamia lanceolata was extracted in industrial-scale test retort volume 3 m3 by destructive distillation under the carbonization temperature of 105～420 ℃ during the period of six hours.Yield of the oil is 6.08%,three times that by hydrodistillation.Density of the oil(25 ℃) is 0.9912～1.021 and refractive index(20 ℃) is 1.4799,optical rotation is+0.5°.Through GC,39 compounds were identified,amounting to 99.16%of the chromatographic peak area.The major components are α-pinene 3.801%(mass fraction),d-limonene 2.889 3%,β-terpinene 7.188 0%,longifolene 10.416 2%,β-caryophyllene 4.206 4%,α-muulorene 3.017%,β-terpineol 2.876%,β-elemene 4.571 9%,cedar camphor 31.508 7% and guaiol 6.142 6%.The result shows that the constituents of the essential oil change with the age and position of the tree and the extraction technics.