松香基双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成与性能

以脱氢枞胺(DA)为原料,经中间体N,N-二甲基脱氢枞胺(DMDA),在乙腈溶液中,DMDA分别与1,3-二溴丙烷(摩尔比2.4∶1)和对溴二亚甲苯(摩尔比2.2∶1)加热回流48h,得到二(N-脱氢枞基-N,N-二甲基)-N,N′-(1,3-亚丙基)溴化二铵(DDMPDAB)和二(N-脱氢枞基-N,N-二甲基)-N,N′-对二亚甲苯基溴化二铵(DDMXDAB)两种双子表面活性剂。用元素分析,FTIR,1HNMR和13CNMR对二者进行了结构表征,测定其表面性能如下:DDMPDAB的阳离子表面活性物的质量分数为94.2%,临界胶束浓度为2.1×10-5mol/L,乳化力为22min,泡沫力为149mm,泡沫稳定性为53mm,Krafft为42℃,HLB为10.24;DDMXDAB的阳离子表面活性物的质量分数为90.8%,临界胶束浓度为8.0×10-5mol/L,乳化力为26.5min,泡沫力为160mm,泡沫稳定性为91mm,Krafft为43℃,HLB为10.88。二者与N-脱氢枞基-N,N,N-三甲基硫酸甲酯铵(DTMAS)、N-脱氢枞基-N,N-二甲基-N-苄基氯化铵(DDMBAC)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的表面性能进行了对比,结果表明:作者合成的两种表面活性剂具有更优良的表面活性。将产品和十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)分别配成质量分数为0.3%的水溶液,等体积混合后均不产生沉淀,说明产品与阴离子表面活性剂有很好的相容性。

Synthesis and Properties of Bis-quaternary Ammonium Cationic Surfactants Containing Modified Rosin

Two types of germini cationic surfactants,N,N-dimethyl-N-dehydroabietyl-N,N′-(1,3-propylene) diammonium dibromide (DDMPDAB) and N,N-dimethyl-N-dehydroabietyl-N,N′-(p-xylene) diammonium dibromide (DDMXDAB),were synthesized in acetonitrile solvent by refluxing the intermediate N,N-dimethyldehydroabietylamine (DMDA) for 48 h with 1,3-dibrompropane or p-xylene dibromide in mole ratio 2.4∶1 or 2.2∶1 respectively.DMDA was prepared with dehydroabietylamine, formic acid and formaldehyde.Structures of the products were characterized by elementary analysis,FTIR,1HNMR and 13CNMR.For DDMPDAB,wCSA(cationic surface active substance)=94.2%,CMC=2.1×10-5 mol/L,EA (emulfying ability)=22 min,FA (foaming ability)=149 mm,FS (foaming stability)=53 mm,KP (Krafft point)=42 ℃,and HLB=10.24;for DDMXDAB,w(CSA)=90.8%,CMC=8.0×10-5 mol/L,EA=26.5 min,FA=160 mm,FS=91 mm,KP=43 ℃ and HLB=10.88.These results show that they possess better surface activity as compared with N,N,N-trimethyl-N-dehyroabietylammonium monomethyl sulfate(DTMAS),N,N-dimethyl-N-benzyl-N-dehydroabietylammonium chloride(DDMBAC) and CTAB.No precipitation occurs when 0.3% aqueous solutions of these products are mixed with 0.3% aqueous solution of anionic surfactant K12,thus they can be used together with anionic surfactants.