一氧化氮在亚细胞结构精确照射诱导旁效应中的作用

研究了肿瘤细胞的亚结构在荷能离子照射下所诱导的旁效应及其信号分子.以氦离子微束装置所产生的精确数量离子定位照射神经胶质瘤细胞T98G细胞核或细胞质,检测细胞染色体损伤和胞内一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)自由基的产额,探索NO清除剂对它们的影响,并以(Diethylamine nitric oxide,DEANO)研究NO的细胞效应.结果表明,无论是细胞核照射还是细胞质照射,只要1个细胞受到1个离子的照射,就可通过损伤的级联放大形成辐射旁效应,引起周围数十个细胞的损伤.对比核、质照射的生物效应,细胞核照射比细胞质照射具有更加显著的直接作用,但这两种照射所诱导的旁效应程度却相当.而NO自由基清除剂c-PTIO(2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide)可抑制旁效应的产生.NO分子探针DAF-FM(4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate)原位检测表明,即使只有1%的细胞核或细胞质受到单离子照射,具有NO阴性表达的细胞百分数增加了30%,使NO引起的细胞荧光密度增加15%.DEANO实验表明,NO可引起细胞微核的产生.因此,NO是亚细胞结构照射引起旁效应的一个重要信号因子.

Role of nitric oxide in targeted-subcellular organelles induced bystander effect

The work is to investigate the bystander effect and related signaling factor induced by targeted irradiation on tumor cells. Human glioblastoma T98G cells were irradiated with a precise number of helium microbeam ions, which targeted to either nuclear or cytoplasm. Chromosome damage and intracellular NO level were assayed. Influence of a NO free radical scavenger on these radiation responses was measured. Using DEANO, the cellular effect of NO was also studied. It was found that even only one cell with a population was targeted with one particle through either nuclear or cytoplasm, additional cellular damage was induced in other 10s cells through a signaling amplification pathway and related bystander response. Although cell damage induced directly by nuclear irradiation was greater than that induced by cytoplasmic irradiation, bystander responses induced by these two kinds of irradiation were similar. When a fraction of cells were individually irradiated by helium ions, the yield of micronuclei was obviously higher than that assuming no bystander effect. However, these targeted irradiation induced bystander response were inhibited by c-PTIO, a scavenger of nitric oxide (NO) free radical. Detected with a NO molecular probe DAF-AM, it was observed that when only 1% of cells were irradiated either through nuclear or cytoplasm, the percentage of NO-positive cells increased by about 30% so that the NO-related fluorescence intensity increased by 15%. Moreover, micronuclei were induced indeed in T98G cells treated with a NO donor. These indicate that NO is a bystander signaling factor for both nuclear irradiation and cytoplasmic irradiation.