氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(VI)——“弱位点”氟表面活性剂的合成

重点综述了潜在具有非生物累积性的氟表面活性剂的近期合成策略，包括：CF3-X-(CH2)n-SO3Na (X=O，C6H4O或N(CF3)，n=8~12)的制备；通过六氟环氧丙烷(HFPO)寡聚或氟化氧杂环丁烷的开环阳离子寡聚合成含氟聚醚；偏氟乙烯(VDF)与全氟烷基碘发生调聚反应生成CnF2n+1-(VDF)2-CH2CO2R (n=2或4，R=H或NH4)；3,3,3-三氟丙烯(TFP)与全氟烷基碘进行自由基调聚反应制备相应的表面活性剂；VDF与TFP在全氟烷基碘存在下的自由基共调聚，或它们在氟化黄原酸酯存在下的可控自由基共聚。进一步综述了这些含弱位点氟烷基醚物质的降解性和安全性以及作为PFOS和PFOA替代品的问题。

Fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers (VI) Synthesis of fluorinated surfactants with weak point

Recent strategies for synthesis of fluorosurfactants that may be potentially non-bioaccumulable were reviewed. These routes are devoted on: (i) preparation of CF3-X-(CH2)n-SO3Na with X=O, C6H4O or N(CF3) and n=8-12]; (ii) synthesis of fluorinated polyethers either by oligomerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) or by ring opening cationic oligomerization of fluorinated trimethylene oxide; (iii) telomerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) with 1-iodoperfluoralkanes to produce CnF2n+1-(VDF)2-CH2CO2R (n=2 or 4, R=H or NH4); (iv) free radical telomerization of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (TFP) and 1-iodoperfluoroalkanes to prepare corresponding surfactants; and (v) free radical co-telomerization of VDF and TFP in presence of 1-iodoperfluoroalkanes, or their controlled free radical co-polymerization in presence of fluorinated xanthate. The degradability and safety of these fluorinated ethers with weak point and their problems for being used as replacing products for PFOS and PFOA were summarized.