菜籽粕脱毒及菜籽蛋白提取工艺优化

为脱除影响菜籽粕综合开发和利用的有毒物质硫甙,以乙醇溶液为提取剂,利用单因素试验考察乙醇浓度（体积分数）、时间、温度、液料比对脱毒效果的影响。在此基础上,选择乙醇浓度、时间、温度进行响应面分析,以提取液中硫甙浓度为响应值,建立了硫甙脱除的二次多项式数学模型,确定了脱毒的最佳工艺为：乙醇浓度64%,温度62℃,时间3h,液料比20,在此条件下得到的硫甙浓度为51.825μmol/g。同时为了提高菜籽蛋白利用率,选择NaOH溶液为提取剂,利用单因素试验考察碱浓度（质量分数）、提取温度、提取时间、液料比对蛋白质提取率的影响,设计四因素三水平的正交试验进行分析,得到菜籽蛋白提取的最佳工艺为：NaOH浓度为2.5%、提取时间为2.5h、提取温度60℃、液料比为10。在此条件下得到的蛋白质提取率为45.86%。

Rapeseed Detoxification and Extraction of Rapeseed Protein

To remove the toxic substances-glucosinolate in rapeseed which affect its comprehensive development and utilization, using ethanol as extractant, depend on single factor test to investigate ethanol concentration, time, temperature, liquid ratio on the effect of detoxification, then selecting ethanol concentration, time and temperature for response surface analysis, chose glucosinolate concentration in extract for response and established a quadratic polynomial model of glucosinolate removing. Determined the optimum detoxification process was ：ethanol concentration 64%, temperature 62℃, time 3h, liquid ratio 20, under this condition, the glucosinolate concentration was 51.825μmol/g. Meanwhile, in order to improve the utilization of rapeseed protein, selected the NaOH solution as extracting agent, used single factor test to investigate alkali concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, liquid ratio on the effect of extraction rate of protein. Designed four factors and three levels orthogonal test and analysised, got the best extraction process of rapeseed protein was： NaOH concentration 2.5%, extraction time 2.5h, extraction temperature 60℃ and liquid ratio 10, and in this condition, the protein extraction rate was 45.86%.