Thermo-Responsive Nanocomposite Bioink with Growth-Factor Holding and its Application to Bone Regeneration |
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Authors: | Jun Kim Hoon-Seong Choi Young-Min Kim Soo-Chang Song |
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Affiliation: | 1. Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea;2. Research Animal Resource Center, Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea;3. Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, which is being increasingly used in tissue engineering, requires bioinks with tunable mechanical properties, biological activities, and mechanical strength for in vivo implantation. Herein, a growth-factor-holding poly(organophosphazene)-based thermo-responsive nanocomposite (TNC) bioink system is developed. The mechanical properties of the TNC bioink are easily controlled within a moderate temperature range (5–37 °C). During printing, the mechanical properties of the TNC bioink, which determine the 3D printing resolution, can be tuned by varying the temperature (15–30 °C). After printing, TNC bioink scaffolds exhibit maximum stiffness at 37 °C. Additionally, because of its shear-thinning and self-healing properties, TNC bioinks can be extruded smoothly, demonstrating good printing outcomes. TNC bioink loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), key growth factors for osteogenesis, is used to print a scaffold that can stimulate biological activity. A biological scaffold printed using TNC bioink loaded with both growth factors and implanted on a rat calvarial defect model reveals significantly improved bone regenerative effects. The TNC bioink system is a promising next-generation bioink platform because its mechanical properties can be tuned easily for high-resolution 3D bioprinting with long-term stability and its growth-factor holding capability has strong clinical applicability. |
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Keywords: | 3D bioprinting bioinks bone regeneration growth factor tissue engineering |
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