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Congo Red-Derived Carbon Dots: Simultaneously as Fluorescence Probe for Protein Aggregates,Inhibitor for Protein Aggregation,and Scavenger of Free Radicals
Authors:Qin-ying Li  Xu Yu  Xi Li  Li-na Bao  Yu Zhang  Shi-lin Wang  Ming Jiang  Kun Huang  Li Xu
Affiliation:1. Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China

Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China;2. Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China

Abstract:The pathological aggregation of some proteins is claimed to be highly related to several human diseases, such as β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42) to Alzheimer's disease (AD), islet amyloid polypeptide, and insulin to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is in desperate need to develop effective methods for detection of protein aggregates and inhibition of abnormal aggregation. Herein, to construct all-in-one probe with both diagnosis and treatment potentials for protein aggregation diseases, Congo red (CR), a classical staining reagent with red fluorescence signal output for protein aggregates, is deliberately adopted to react with three different reductive carbon sources and ammonium persulfate to generate three CR-derived carbon dots (CDs). The obtained CDs exhibit the capabilities of turn-on red fluorescence imaging of protein aggregates, and/or inhibition of protein aggregation as well as scavenging of free radicals. Among them, CA-CDs, using citric acid as the reductive carbon source, demonstrate the superiority to the other two studied CDs in integrating all of these functions, and particularly exert excellent cytoprotection effect against toxic Aβ42 species, possessing tremendous potential in diagnosis and treatment of AD for future study. The present study paves a new way to develop all-in-one CDs for the protein disease research.
Keywords:carbon dots  fluorescence probe  free radical scavenger  inhibitor  protein aggregation
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