Unhappy metropolis (when American city is too big) |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Planning and Geography, School of Built Environment, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;2. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Western Australia (M089), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;3. Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;1. Mokwon University, Division of Service Management, 88 Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea;2. The University of Seoul, Department of Urban Planning and Design, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Most scholars in urban studies and public policy/administration support city living, that is, they suggest that people are happy in cities or at least they focus on how to make people happy in cities. Planners also largely focus on making cities happy places. Economists emphasize agglomeration economies. Urbanism is popular and fashionable. The goal of this study is to challenge this common wisdom and stimulate discussion. I use the General Social Survey to calculate subjective wellbeing or happiness by size of a place to find out when a place is too big. Malaise or unhappiness increases with size of a place (with a bump around 10k people) and reaches a significant level when population exceeds several hundred thousand. Results are robust to the operationalization of an urban area, and to the elaboration of the model with multiple controls known to predict happiness. This study concerns only the US, and results should not be generalized to other countries or historical contexts. Directions for future research are discussed. |
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