Street level urban design qualities for walkability: Combining 2D and 3D GIS measures |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Urban and Spatial Planning, University of Granada, Spain;2. Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands;1. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;2. Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;3. Center for Human-Engaged Computing, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-Cho, Kami-Shi, Kochi 782-8502, Japan;4. The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering on Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;1. Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa, Portugal;2. CERIS-CESUR, Dept. Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal;3. CERIS-ICIST, Dept. Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal;1. Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand;2. Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;3. School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden;4. School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa;5. Department of Tourism Studies, Ashkelon Academic College, Israel;1. Mobility and Logistics Laboratory, Federal University of de Santa Maria – Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Brazil;2. Industrial and Transportation Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Much of the physical activity and built environment literature has focused on composite walkability indices based on the D variables– design, density, diversity, destination accessibility, and distance to transit. This literature, however, has largely ignored the microscale streetscape features that affect the pedestrian experience. Five street level urban design qualities were recently identified and defined for quantitative measures although these measures are mostly through subjective field observation. View related features such as long sight line and proportion of sky have not yet been objectively measured due to the limitation of data and method. This study uses both 2D and 3D GIS to objectively measure street level urban design qualities in Buffalo, New York and tests their correlation with observed pedestrian counts and Walk Scores. Our results showed that 3D GIS helped to generate objective measures on view related features. These objective measures can help us better understand the influence of street level urban design features on walkability for designing and planning healthy cities. |
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