Microstructure,mechanical behaviour and fracture of pure tungsten wire after different heat treatments |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Canada;2. Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany;3. OSRAM GmbH, SP PRE PLM DMET, 86830 Schwabmünchen, Germany;4. Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany;5. Section of Materials and Surface Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;6. Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany;1. Structural Materials Group, Institute of Nuclear Materials Science, SCK•CEN, Mol 2400, Belgium;2. Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;3. Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium;4. Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung, D-52425 Jülich, Germany;5. Division of Materials, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;2. Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria;3. PLANSEE SE, 6600 Reutte, Austria;1. Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Materials Science Department, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Spain;2. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Materials (IAM-AWP), Germany;3. PLANSEE SE, Reutte, Austria;1. Lightweight and Specialty Metals Branch, U.S. Army Research Lab, Aberdeen, Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;3. Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, 135 S. 1460 E., Room 412, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;4. Post Irradiation Examination Department, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, MS 6184, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA;5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA |
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| Abstract: | Plastic deformation of tungsten wire is an effective source of toughening tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composites (Wf/W) and other tungsten fibre-reinforced composites. To provide a reference for optimization of those composites, unconstrained pure tungsten wire is studied after various heat treatments in terms of microstructure, mechanical behaviour and fracture mode. Recrystallization is already observed at a relatively low temperature of 1273 K due to the large driving force caused by a high dislocation density. Annealing for 30 min at 1900 K also leads to recrystallization, but causes a rather different microstructure. As-fabricated wire and wire recrystallized at 1273 K for 3 h show fine grains with a high aspect ratio and a substantial plastic deformability: a clearly defined tensile strength, high plastic work, similar necking shape, and the characteristic knife-edge-necking of individual grains on the fracture surface. While the wire recrystallized at 1900 K displays large, almost equiaxed grains with low aspect ratios as well as distinct brittle properties. Therefore, it is suggested that a high aspect ratio of the grains is important for the ductile behaviour of tungsten wire and that embrittlement is caused by the loss of the preferable elongated grain structure rather than by recrystallization. In addition, a detailed evaluation of the plastic deformation behaviour during tensile test gives guidance to the design and optimization of tungsten fibre-reinforced composites. |
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