缝洞型油藏不同控因剩余油分布及开发对策

针对塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏剩余油分布认识不清的问题，以缝洞型油藏地质特征为基础，综合连通性分析、注采效果及油水分布特征研究，利用实钻井、措施井及注采效果分析，从宏观、微观、表观3方面，分析出剩余油分布分别受油藏地质特征、缝洞发育特征及开发因素控制。在此基础上，结合油藏开发实际，提出了塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏3大类14亚类剩余油分布模式，明确了5亚类属于油藏地质特征决定的宏观剩余油，6亚类属于缝洞发育特征决定的微观剩余油，3亚类属于开发不确定因素导致的表观剩余油。同时针对不同剩余油类型，提出了适应的开发对策，其中采用直井方式动用主干断裂分隔型、分支断裂点状充注型、水锥油斗型、纵向多套河道型、沟谷角洞型、大缝洞横向分隔型剩余油；采用侧钻井方式开发井洞关系型、指状分隔型、暗河充填型剩余油；采用调流道、大泵提液或选择性堵水方式动用孔缝通道型剩余油；采取分段酸压、大型酸化方式动用大缝洞纵向分隔型、裂缝闭合型剩余油。不同岩溶缝洞油藏剩余油类型及开发对策研究工作在塔河主体区取得了较好的开发效果，为相似油藏的剩余油挖潜奠定了基础。

Distribution of remaining oil and improved oil recovery methods in fractured-vuggy carbonate reserviors

In view of the unclear understanding of the Tahe oilfield carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoir remaining oil distribution problem, based on the geological characteristics of the seam hole reservoir, combined with the comprehensive connectivity analysis, studies of injection-production effects, and oil-water distribution characteristics using solid drilling, measures, and effects of injection-production well analysis, Sum up and propose control factors in macroscopic, microscopic and apparent three aspects of remaining oil distribution, depending on characteristics of reservoir geological, seam hole development and development factors respectively. On this basis, combining the reality of reservoir development, the distribution patterns of remaining oils in 3 major categories and 14 sub-categories of Tahe oilfield carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs are proposed. It is clear that 5 sub-categories belong to the macroscopic residual oil determined by the reservoir geological characteristics, 6 sub-categories belong to the micro-remaining oil determined by the fracture-cavity development characteristics, and 3 others sub-categories belong to the apparent residual oil caused by the development of uncertain factors. At the same time, suitable mine development countermeasures are put forward for different types of residual oil, among them, the vertical well method uses the main fracture separation type, the branch fracture point filling type, the water cone oil bucket type, the longitudinal multiple sets of channel type, the valley corner hole type, and the large gap hole lateral separation type; Hole-relation type, finger-separated type, dark river filling type; The residual oil of the orifice channel type is adopted by using the flow regulating channel, the large pump extracting liquid or the selective water blocking method; The longitudinally separated type and the crack closed residual oil of the large slit hole are adopted by the segmental acid pressure and the large acidification method. The research on the remaining oil types and development countermeasures of different karst fracture hole reservoirs has achieved good development results in the main area of Tahe oilfield, laying the foundation for tapping the potential for the remaining oil in similar reservoirs.