高比表面积二氧化锆的合成及其催化应用

二氧化锆（ZrO₂）是一种优异的催化材料,同时具有表面酸碱性,易产生氧空位,耐高温、抗腐蚀,机械强度高。然而传统方法合成的二氧化锆比表面积和孔容较小,限制了其应用。本文介绍了近年来高比表面积多孔二氧化锆的合成方法和技术,包括模板法、MOF热解法、静电纺丝等以及提高其热稳定性的措施,同时简述了其在催化领域的应用。研究表明,此类高比表面积的二氧化锆可以提高负载金属分散度,加强金属-载体相互作用,进而提高催化剂活性和稳定性,同时其粒径大小、形貌、孔结构均会影响其催化性能。高效低成本合成热稳定的高比表面积二氧化锆并对对其形貌和结构进行精准调控,将使其未来具有更广的催化应用前景。

Preparation of high-surface-area ZrO2 and its application in catalysis

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) is an excellent catalytic material, due to its high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength. Besides, it has both acid and basic sites on the surface and is able to produce oxygen vacancy. However, ZrO₂ prepared by conventional methods has low surface area and pore volume, which may limit its broad applications. The recent preparation methods or techniques of high-surface-area ZrO₂, including templating methods, MOF pyrolysis, and electrostatic spinning,so as to improve its thermal stability and to extend its applications in catalysis are reviewed. The studies showed that the porous ZrO₂ can improve the dispersion of the supported metal and the metal-support interaction, giving rise to the enhanced activity and stability of the catalysts. Meanwhile, its particle size, morphology and pore structure also have effects on the catalytic performance. The high-efficient and low-cost preparation methods of thermal stable high-surface-area ZrO₂, and the accurate regulation of its morphology or structure, will give it a broader catalytic application prospect in the future.