Surfactin生物表面活性剂及其驱油研究进展

表面活性素（surfactin）是一类由革兰氏阳性的枯草芽孢杆菌产生的脂肽（lipopeptide）型生物表面活性剂，因其具有优于化学合成表面活性剂的若干优点，如低毒性、高生物降解性、更好的环境相容性，且在极端环境下稳定性好，在提高石油采收率方面有较好的应用潜力，但是目前只有少数的生物表面活性剂可以大规模生产实现工业化应用。本文介绍了surfactin生物表面活性剂的化学结构和生物合成机制，并对其发酵生产过程的影响因素进行分析，为提高其生产经济性探索不同的策略，例如使用更便宜的原材料、优化培养基组分、优化反应器等，系统论述了surfactin生物表面活性剂的驱油机理和其与化学合成表面活性剂的复配研究，同时针对其应用时的不足之处提出研究新思路。

Review on surfactin biosurfactant and its performance ofenhanced oil recovery

Surfactin is a kind of lipopeptide biosurfactants which are produced by Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. Compared to chemically synthesized surfactants, biosurfactants have several advantages, such as lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, better environmental compatibility, and optimal stability in extreme conditions (e.g. high temperature, high pressure and high salinity etc) . Microbial biosurfactants have been proved that they can be used for enhancing oil recovery effectively. However, only a few types of biosurfactants can be produced at large scale for industrial applications. This study reviewed the chemical structure and biosynthesis mechanism of surfactin biosurfactants, and the factors affecting its fermentation production process was also investigated. Different strategies were employed in order to reduce the cost of this biosurfactant, such as using cheaper raw materials, optimizing the composition of the medium and the reactor, etc. Moreover, the oil displacement mechanism of surfactin biosurfactant and its synergistic effect with chemically surfactants were systematically discussed, and new ideas were proposed for promoting its further application.