生物炭基复合材料制备及其对水体特征污染物的吸附性能

以重金属、药物及个人护理品污染物（PPCPs）和氮磷氟等为代表的水体主要污染物脱除已成为水污染治理研究的重点。吸附法由于其具有操作简易、成本效益高等优势,在水污染治理方面应用广泛。相比于传统吸附材料,生物炭具有原材料丰富、比表面积大、成本低廉等优势,但其表面官能团的丰富度有限,经适当改性能够增加生物炭的吸附活性位,从而提高其吸附性能。本文根据改性剂类型、合成方法及合成的先后顺序,系统阐释了生物炭的改性方法及其复合体的理化特性;结合最新研究报道,在合成方法、吸附性能和机理方面归纳汇总了生物炭基复合材料在水体重金属、PPCPs和其他污染物中的吸附应用,并对生物炭基吸附剂再生与资源化利用的新理念及应用进行了概述,最后展望了生物炭基吸附剂有待深入研究的方面,并提出建设性的意见。

Preparation of biochar-based composites and their adsorption performances for characteristic contaminants in wastewater

The removal of major contaminants in different industries, such as heavy metals, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and fluoride has become one research focus in the field of water decontamination. Adsorption is widely used in the removal of water pollutants due to its advantages of simple operation and cost-effectiveness. Compared with traditional adsorbents, biochar exceeds in its superiorities of abundant raw materials, large surface area and low cost, but the abundance of its surface functional groups is limited. The active absorption sites of biochar can be improved via appropriate modification, thereby enhancing its adsorption performance. In this paper, biochar modifications and the physicochemical properties of biochar-based composites were reviewed according to the types of modifying agent, the synthesis methods and sequences. Combined with the latest research reports, the adsorption of biochar-based composites for heavy metals, PPCPs and other aqueous pollutants was summarized in terms of synthesis method, adsorption performance and mechanism. Finally, some suggestions with respect to improvement in biochar-based adsorbent optimization and applications, especially to regeneration and resource utilization were proposed.