血糖预测生理模型及化工建模策略

糖尿病是一种高发病率、多并发症的内分泌代谢性疾病，目前尚不存在治愈方法，患者不仅经济负担加重，生活质量下降，病情严重者还长期面临生命威胁。近些年来，糖尿病问题日趋严重，逐渐成为社会和相关领域关注的热点之一。本文从人体血糖调节系统出发，简述了两种糖尿病的病因，并从化学工程的角度将人体类比为血糖代谢的控制系统，以此分析了糖尿病患者血糖控制的主要方式，指出了其中血糖预测的关键性作用。然后详细介绍了血糖预测生理模型的两个主要部分，即葡萄糖-胰岛素代谢模型和葡萄糖吸收模型。突出了化学工程建模策略对吸收模型构建的重要作用，并分析了该方法的优势与现有模型的不足，根据近年来的体内外研究提出了进一步的优化方案。最后，对血糖预测的未来工作进行了展望，建议深化机理研究，将血糖预测模型与化工建模策略相结合，整体理解饮食对血糖调控的作用，完善长期预测模型和个性化模型。

Blood glucose prediction based on physiological and chemical reactor models

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disease with high morbidity and complications, which so far cannot be healed. The patients not only have economic burden but also have poor quality of life. Those with serious illness also face long-term life threats. In recent years, the increasingly serious problem of diabetes has gradually become one of the major concerns of the society and the related fields. This article started from the introduction of human blood glucose regulation system, describing the causes of the two types of diabetes. From the chemical engineering point of view, the human body can be analogized to a control system for the blood glucose metabolism. The main mechanisms of the blood glucose control in diabetic patients and the key role of blood glucose prediction were pointed out. The paper introduced two main physiological models of blood glucose prediction in detail: the glucose-insulin metabolism model and the glucose absorption model. The important role of the chemical engineering modeling strategy in the construction of the absorption model was highlighted, and the advantages of the method as well as the deficiency of the existing models were analyzed. The suggestions on improved modeling approaches were further discussed based on the in vivo and in vitro experiments in recent years. Finally, the future work of blood glucose prediction was proposed. It is suggested to improve understanding themechanism and combine the blood glucose prediction model with the chemical engineering modeling strategy to better understand the effect of diet on blood glucose regulation. In addition, the long-term prediction model and the personalized model need to be improved.