耐高温水基压裂液研究进展

随着勘探技术的发展，油气勘探向纵深发展，而越往深井发展地层温度越高，国内外对高温油藏的开发愈加重视。水基压裂液由于其施工方便、价格低廉以及性能优异等优点，一直是应用最为普遍的压裂液。但早期压裂液的耐温性能较差，无法满足高温油藏的压裂施工需求。因此开发可用于耐高温油气藏的水基压裂液具有重要的研究价值和实际应用价值。本文介绍了国内外耐高温水基压裂液的研究进展，对于胍胶压裂液，通过提高稠化剂用量，进行稠化剂、交联剂的改性，以提高其耐温性能；耐温清洁压裂液稠化剂类型由早期的阳离子、阴离子型向双子及复合型发展，近年还有学者将纳米体系用于改性表面活性剂；耐温合成聚合物压裂液发展较快，多是通过设计多元共聚物提升耐温能力。对于胍胶压裂液体系，研发满足特高温油藏压裂施工需求的低浓度胍胶压裂液还是今后的主要研究方向。文中指出清洁压裂液体系成本过高，无法大规模使用；合成聚合物压裂液耐温性能好，研究含有支链聚合单体或磺酸基团等的多元共聚物，引入合适的疏水基团作为稠化剂，是合成聚合物的研究方向。

Research progress on high temperature water-based fracturing fluid

With the advanced development of exploration technology, oil and gas exploration can be conducted in deeper formations. According to the fact that the deeper the well is, the higher formation temperature is, more and more attention has been paid to the development of high temperature reservoirs at home and abroad. Generally, the water-based fracturing fluid is the most widely used one because of its advantages such as convenient construction, low price, excellent performance and so on. However, the early fracturing fluid cannot meet the needs of fracturing in high temperature reservoirs because of its poor temperature resistance. Therefore, the development of water-based fracturing fluids that can be used in high temperature reservoirs has important research and application values. In this paper, the research progress of high temperature resistant water-based fracturing fluids both at home and abroad was introduced. For guanidine gum fracturing fluids, its property of high temperature resistance can be strengthen by increasing the dosage of gelatinizer and using modified crosslinkers and gelatinizer. The type of gelatinizer for high-temperature resistant VES fracturing fluids has developed from cationic and anionic to Gemini and compound. Some scholars used the nanoscale system in surfactant modification. Besides, the temperature-resistant synthetic polymer fracturing fluid with a high temperature resistance by the design of poly-copolymer develops rapidly. The development of low concentration guanidine gum fracturing fluid which can meet the needs of fracturing operation in ultra-high temperature reservoirs is still the main research direction in the future. It was pointed out that VES fracturing fluid system is too expensive to be used in a large scale and for guanidine gum fracturing fluid system. Synthetic polymer fracturing fluid has a good temperature resistance and it is the research direction of polymer synthesis to study the multicomponent copolymers containing branched chain polymerization monomers or sulfonic acid groups and introduce suitable hydrophobic groups as thickeners.