固载化L-脯氨酸及其衍生物的最新研究进展

近年来,固载化L-脯氨酸及其衍生物手性催化剂因其具有均相催化剂的高活性和高选择性以及非均相催化剂的高循环使用性,被广泛用于催化不对称有机化学反应。本文简单介绍了L-脯氨酸及其衍生物的种类,包括4-羟基-L-脯氨酸、脯氨醇醚类等;重点阐述了固载L-脯氨酸类催化剂的载体类型和固载方法,催化剂载体类型主要包括离子液体、无机纳米粒子、有机聚合物以及新出现的聚合物离子液体和有机-无机杂化微球,固载方法主要包括硅烷化反应法、点击化学法以及可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合法,并对不同载体及固载方法的优缺点进行了总结。最后,针对目前固载化L-脯氨酸类催化剂存在的问题进行了原因分析并提出了改进建议,为以后新型固载化催化剂的研究开发提供了可能。

Recent advances in the immobilization of L-proline and its derivative

In recent years, supported L-proline and its derivatives are widely used as promising chiral catalysts in asymmetric organic chemical reactions owing to their high selectivity and reusability. This paper briefly introduces the types of L-proline and its derivatives. This paper also illustrates the types of the catalyst support, including ionic liquid, inorganic nanoparticles, organic polymer, ionic liquid-polymer and organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres. Additionally, this paper describes different immobilization methods of L-proline, including click chemistry and RAFT polymerization, together with their advantages and disadvantages and the improvement recommendations. The suggestions and prospects provide useful information for the preparation of novel immobilized catalysts, which have high activity, selectivity and excellent reusability in asymmetric reaction.