金属有机骨架膜的制备与应用进展

膜分离技术因其高效节能的特点，被认为是最有前景的分离技术之一。由于众多待分离的混合组分在物理性质（如尺寸）上极为接近，实现精确的膜分离仍具有极大的挑战。金属有机骨架材料具有孔径精确可调、孔隙率高等优点，使其有望实现对尺寸相近分子的精确筛分，因此可以作为理想的膜材料。本文对传统的多孔膜材料进行了比较，并对基于金属有机骨架材料的多孔膜进行了分类，包括支撑型金属有机骨架膜和混合基质膜。同时，系统地总结了两大类金属有机骨架膜的制备方法及其发展历程，对先进的膜制备技术进行了展望；总结了金属有机骨架膜在气体分离、纳滤及海水淡化、渗透汽化等方面的应用。最后，针对支撑型金属有机骨架膜提出了改善其透量和选择性的思路。

Recent progress on the preparation and applications of metal organic framework membranes

Membrane-based separation is considered to be one of the most promising separation technologies due to its high efficiency and low energy consumption. Owing to the small difference in the mixtures’ physical properties (such as molecular sizes), it is extremely challenging to finely separate them. Metal-organic frameworks are featured to have good adjustability on aperture sizes and high porosity, thus are expected as ideal membrane materials to sieve molecules precisely. In this review, traditional porous membrane materials are compared and the metal-organic framework based membranes are classified into supported metal-organic framework membranes and mixed matrix membranes. Simultaneously, the fabrication methods and their developments of these two types of membranes are introduced and the more advanced fabrication methods are forecasted. Additionally, the applications of metal-organic framework membranes in gas separation, nanofiltration and desalination, and pervaporation are discussed. Finally, several directions to improve the permeability and selectivity of supported metal-organic framework membranes are proposed.