煤矿下山巷道水与空气不耦合装药爆破技术对比研究

为了提高三级煤矿许用炸药能量利用率,改善爆破破岩效果，保证开采区的工作效率，对不耦合装药结构进行优化，以理论推导的方式分别得出空气不耦合与水不耦合装药系数对爆生气体准静压力的影响，并进行了对比分析；通过实验室爆破模型试验研究水和空气径向不耦合分别作用下爆炸应力波的传播分布特性，分析峰值应力与测点到炮孔比例距离、不耦合系数之间的关系，并与理论分析对比验证。结果表明：当不耦合系数相同时，炮孔处水不耦合装药爆炸应力波峰值高于空气不耦合装药，随着不耦合系数的增加，炮孔处爆炸应力波的峰值应力减小；模型试验测得同一测点的水不耦合装药峰值应力是空气不耦合装药峰值应力的1.15~1.52倍，峰值应力作用时间长于空气不耦合装药，同一测点水和空气不耦合装药结构测得的应力波及其峰值应力均随不耦合系数的增加呈负幂函数衰减，且空气不耦合装药时衰减得更快，与理论分析一致；贵州某煤矿下山巷道，于梯形掘进断面实施传统空气不耦合装药结构掏槽爆破，效果不甚理想，运用水不耦合装药爆破技术，提高了炮孔利用率，减小了岩石破碎块度，使爆堆集中，显著提高了岩石破碎效果与出渣效率。

Water-uncouple Charge Blasting Technology for Diphead Roadway in Coalmine

The drilling and blasting method of the downhill roadway in China is mostly shallow hole blasting.So during the process of drilling and blasting in the downhill roadway of the coal mine，the utilization of the blasthole is low，the cycle footage is small，the meteorite accumulation after the explosion is head-on，the bottoming phenomenon is serious，and the forming quality of the surrounding part of the roadway is low，greatly affecting the tunneling speed.In order to improve the energy utilization rate and blasting rock breaking effect of the permitted explosives in the third-class coal mine，and to ensure the working efficiency of the mining area，the uncoupling charge structure was optimized，and the air uncoupling and water uncoupling were respectively obtained from the theoretical derivation.The uncoupling charge structure was optimized，and the effects of air uncoupling and water uncoupling charge coefficient on the quasi-static pressure of the explosive gas were obtained by theoretical derivation，and comparative analysis was carried out.Through the laboratory blasting model test，the propagation characteristics of the explosion stress wave under the action of water and air radial uncoupling were studied respectively.The relationship between the peak stress and the proportional distance and the uncoupling coefficient of the measuring point was analyzed，which is verified by theoretical analysis.The results show that the peak value of the explosion stress wave of the water uncoupled charge at the blasthole is higher than that of the air uncoupled charge when the uncoupling coefficient is the same.As the uncoupling coefficient increases，the peak stress of the explosion stress wave at the blasthole decreases.The peak stress of the water uncoupled charge of the same measuring point is 1.15~1.52 times of the peak stress of the air uncoupled charge.The peak stress action time of the water uncoupled charge is longer than the air uncoupled charge.The obtained stress wave and its peak stress are attenuated by the negative power function with the increase of the uncoupling coefficient，and the attenuation of the air uncoupled charge is faster，which is consistent with the theoretical analysis.The water uncoupled charge structure was used for the blasting of the underground tunnel of the coal mine，and achieved a good blasting effect. In the downhill roadway of a coal mine in Guizhou，the conventional air uncoupled charging structure grooving was carried out on the trapezoidal tunneling section.，and the effect was not satisfactory.The water uncoupled charge blasting technology was used to improve the utilization of the blasthole and reduce the rock fragmentation degree，the explosion of the pile，significantly improve the rock crushing effect and slagging efficiency.