基于变权重理论和TOPSIS的缓倾斜薄矿脉采矿方法优选

针对高品质缓倾斜薄矿脉的采矿方法优选难题，提出采用变权重分析法与TOPSIS相结合的综合评判标准体系，对多种采矿方法进行综合评判优选。首先，建立综合评价指标体系，考虑到层次分析法等常规方法确定的常权在评价各方案时可能会出现“状态失衡”的现象，引入变权重理论，以保证各因素的均衡性；然后利用逼近理想解的排序法（TOPSIS），得出各方案的优越度；最后，以内蒙古某矿山采矿方法优选为例，提出4种方案，分别为两步骤回采的分条密接充填法（方案Ⅰ）、铲运机出矿上向水平分层充填法（方案Ⅱ）、电耙出矿上向水平分层充填法（方案Ⅲ）和房柱法（方案Ⅳ），对这4种方案进行优选。研究结果表明：4种方案的优越度依次为82.5%、32.8%、55.3%和53.8%，最终选择的方案为两步骤回采的分条密接充填法（方案Ⅰ），该结果与工程实际相符合，表明该研究思路对采矿方法的优选具有参考价值，为今后工程中采矿方法优选问题提供了一种科学有效的分析方法。

Optimization of Gently Inclined Thin Vein Mining Method Based on Variable Weight Theory and TOPSIS

The mining of gently inclined thin veins always has the problem of low production capacity and difficulty in mining.It is still inconclusive as to which mining method is more suitable for the mining of such ore bodies.The choice of mining methods is closely related to the economic benefits，production scale，safety recovery and resource recovery rate of the mine.Therefore，the preferred research of mining methods is particularly important.In order to solve the problem of optimizing mining methods for high-quality gently inclined thin veins，a comprehensive evaluation standard system combining variable weight analysis and TOPSIS was proposed to comprehensively evaluate various mining methods.Firstly，a comprehensive evaluation index system was established，taking factors such as mining cost，ore recovery rate，ore depletion rate，difficulty in controlling ground pressure，stability of stope，mining ratio of thousand tons，suitability of the project，difficulty in construction，field production capacity as considerations.Considering the constant power determined by conventional methods such as AHP，there may be a phenomenon of “state imbalance” when evaluating each candidate scheme，introducing a variable weight theory and appropriately adjusting its weight to ensure the balance of various factors.Then the superiority of each scheme was obtained by using TOPSIS method to approach the ranking method of ideal solution.Finally，taking the optimum selection of mining methods in a mine in Inner Mongolia as an example，four schemes were put forward，which were the two-step strip and close filling mining method （Scheme Ⅰ），the upward horizontal layered filling mining method for scraper mining （Scheme Ⅱ），the upward horizontal layered filling mining method for electric picking （Scheme Ⅲ） and the room and pillar mining method （Scheme Ⅳ）.The results show that the superiority of each scheme is 82.5%，32.8%，55.3% and 53.8%，respectively.Obviously the first scheme is the best one.The results are consistent with the engineering practice，which shows that the research idea has reference value for the optimization of mining methods，and provides a scientific and effective analysis method for the optimization of mining methods in future engineering.