The impact of land use constraints in multi-objective energy-noise wind farm layout optimization |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;3. Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;4. Renewable Power Division, Hatch, Ltd., Niagara Falls, ON, Canada;1. Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, Universidad de Granada, Av. del Mediterráneo s/n., 18006 Granada, Spain;2. Universidad de Málaga, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of San Carlos – Talamban Campus, Nasipit, Talamban, Cebu City 6000, Philippines;1. Department of Architecture, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan;2. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdoğam University, 52349 Rize, Turkey;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Aydın University, 34455 Florya, Istanbul, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Recently the environmental impact of onshore wind farms is receiving major attention from both governments and wind farm designers. As land is more extensively exploited for wind farms, it is more likely for wind turbines to be in proximity with human dwellings, infrastructure (e.g. roads, transmission lines), and natural habitats (e.g. rivers, lakes, forests). This proximity makes significant portions of land unusable for the designers, introducing a set of land-use constraints. In this study, we conduct a constrained and continuous-variable multi-objective optimization that considers energy and noise as its objective functions, based on Jensen's wake model and the ISO-9613-2 noise standard. A stochastic evolutionary algorithm (NSGA-II) solves the optimization problem, while the land-use constraints are handled with static and dynamic penalty functions. Results of this study illustrate the effect of constraint severity and spatial distribution of unusable land on the trade-off between energy generation and noise production. |
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| Keywords: | Wind energy Wind farms Wind farm noise Optimization Evolutionary algorithms Renewable energy |
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