Manufacturing of zeolite based catalyst from zeolite tuft for biodiesel production from waste sunflower oil |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;2. School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, 35247 Amman 11180, Jordan;1. Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St., Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, 52 Alsinaa St., P.O. Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadryah, P.O. Box 47221, Baghdad, Iraq;4. Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadryah, P.O. Box 47008, Baghdad, Iraq;1. Grupo de Pesquisas em Separações por Adsorção (GPSA), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;2. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China;2. College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shanxi 712100, China;3. Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China;1. College of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 12 Zhangzhou Road, Zibo 255049, China;2. Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 12 Zhangzhou Road, Zibo 255049, China;3. Shandong Engineering Research Center for Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, 12 Zhangzhou Road, Zibo 255049, China;1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem St, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary;2. Faculty Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 D. Mangeron St, Iasi, 700050, Romania;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bólyai University, 1 Arany János Street, 400028, Romania |
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| Abstract: | In the present work, zeolite based catalyst was prepared from zeolite tuft by impregnation methods. The zeolite tuft was initially treated with hydrochloric acid (16%) and then several KOH/zeolite catalysts were prepared by impregnation in KOH solutions. Various solutions of KOH with different molarities (1–6 M) were used. Further modification for the catalyst was performed by a 2nd step impregnation treatment by heating and stirring the KOH/zeolite to 80 °C for 4 h. The zeolite tuft and the prepared catalysts were characterized by several analytical techniques in order to explore their physicochemical properties. These tests include: X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Zero point of Charge (PHzpc), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The catalysts were then used for transesterification of waste sunflower vegetable oil in order to produce biodiesel. Among the different catalysts prepared, the 1–4M KOH/TZT catalyst provided the maximum biodiesel yield of 96.7% at 50 °C reaction temperature, methanol to oil molar ratio of 11.5:1, agitation speed of 800 rpm, 335 μm catalyst particle size and 2 h reaction time. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel comply with the EN and ASTM standard specifications. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiesel Zeolite based catalyst Impregnation Transesterification |
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