Multi-criteria evaluation of wave energy projects on the south-east Australian coast |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia;2. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Australia;1. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22860, Mexico;2. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Tijuana, Baja California, C.P. 22444, Mexico;3. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, 58060, Mexico;4. Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS – Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France;1. Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia;2. Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada;1. Departamet d’Enginyeria Mecanica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain;2. Center of Computational Engineering and Integrated Design (CEID), Department of Mathematics and Physics, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland;1. School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, UK;2. Fluid Structure Interaction Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, UK |
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| Abstract: | In the last decade, multiple studies focusing on national-scale assessments of the ocean wave energy resource in Australia identified the Southern Margin to be one of the most energetic areas worldwide suitable for the extraction of wave energy for electricity production. While several companies have deployed single unit devices, the next phase of development will most likely be the deployment of parks with dozens of units, introducing the risk of conflicts within the marine space.This paper presents a geo-spatial multi-criteria evaluation approach to identify optimal locations to deploy a wave energy farm while minimizing potential conflicts with other coastal and offshore users. The methodology presented is based around five major criteria: ocean wave climatology, nature of the seabed, distance to key infrastructure, environmental factors and potential conflict with other users such as shipping and fisheries.A case study is presented for an area off the south-east Australian coast using a total of 18 physical, environmental and socio-economic parameters. The spatial restrictions associated with environmental factors, wave climate, as well as conflict of use, resulted in an overall exclusion of 20% of the study area. Highly suitable areas identified ranged between 11 and 34% of the study area based on scenarios with varying criteria weighting. By spatially comparing different scenarios we identified persistence of a highly suitable area of 700 km2 off the coast of Portland across all model domains investigated. We demonstrate the value of incorporation spatial information at the scale relevant to resource exploitation when examining multiple criteria for optimal site selection of Wave Energy Converters over broad geographic regions. |
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| Keywords: | Wave energy Multi-criteria analysis Wave resource evaluation GIS application Site evaluation Marine spatial planning |
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