Hydrothermal treatment of black liquor for energy and phenolic platform molecules recovery in a pulp mill |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CEA Grenoble, LITEN, Laboratoire des Technologies Biomasse, 17 rue des martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France;2. LGP2 - Grenoble INP - Pagora, 461 rue de la Papeterie, CS 10065, 38402 Saint-Martin-d''Hères, France;1. Energy Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag, 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand;2. Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic;1. Division of Chemical Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden;2. Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, USA;3. Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, USA;4. DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA;1. School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada;2. Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq;3. School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada;1. Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland;2. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Energy Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland;3. VTT, Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo, Finland;1. Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden;2. Division of Chemical Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to study the conversion of black liquor under hydrothermal conditions and its integration in a pulp mill. Three sulfur-free black liquors produced from caustic soda cooking of prehydrolyzed softwood, prehydrolyzed hardwood and non prehydrolyzed hardwood chips were converted. Experiments were performed in a batch reactor, for temperature between 250 °C and 310 °C, and for holding time between 5 and 120 min. Three phases were formed: an aqueous phase containing monomeric phenolic compounds and the sodium cations, a biocrude containing most of the carbon, and a small amount of gas. The combustion of the biocrude could allow an energy recovery for the mill of up to 70%. The main monomeric compounds identified in aqueous phase were phenol, catechol, guaiacol and syringol, with a total yield up to 28 g kg−1 of dry BL, at 250 °C. Among them, guaiacol was the major product. Sodium recovery was 97 %, slightly better than typical kraft recovery value, and compatible with causticizing. Finally, results obtained with a kraft softwood lignin were compared to those obtained with softwood black liquor. Results show that biocrude yields were greater with black liquor, whereas platform molecules production was higher with lignin. Presence of carbohydrates derivatives in black liquor is identified as a major parameter for biocrude production as it would favor bonding between phenolic species. |
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| Keywords: | Biorefinery Black liquor Energy recovery Hydrothermal treatment Platform molecules production Sodium recovery |
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