Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in rice |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeş, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;2. Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain;3. Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeş, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;1. Department of Agricultural Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;2. Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Prague, Czech Republic;3. Departament de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrès Estellès, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;1. Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada;2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;3. Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China |
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| Abstract: | Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some species of fungi that may contaminate a wide variety of foods, and which can cause acute and chronic toxic effects in both animals and humans (mycotoxicoses). Their presence has been identified in rice crops. The present manuscript revises several worldwide researches about the various kinds and frequency of occurrence of mycotoxins in rice. Aflatoxins, citrinin, deoxynivalenol, sterigmatocystin, fumonisins, zearalenone, cyclopiazonic acid, patulin, gliotoxin and some trichothecenes are the main mycotoxins that have been identified in this cereal, and their levels variate widely throughout the samples of rice that were analysed. In several countries of the Asian continent the consumption of this cereal constitutes the main source of these secondary metabolites. Due to the importance of rice as a basic element of the human diet, it is necessary to carry out further research about this subject. |
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| Keywords: | Mycotoxins Rice Fungi |
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