The influence of mechanical activation by vibro-milling on the early-age hydration and strength development of cement |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA;2. Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;3. School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University at Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;4. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66455 Nuevo León, Mexico;5. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA;6. Civil & Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, 1491 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;1. Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, B.P. 802, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;2. Laboratoire des Sciences des Matériaux et de L′environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;3. Institut Néel, CNRS et Université Joseph Fourier, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France;1. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India;2. Department of Physics, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India;1. Raw Building Materials Technology and Processing Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center (HBNRC), Cairo, Egypt;2. Radiation Protection and Safety Dept., Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt;3. Polymers and Pigments Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents results from an experimental investigation that evaluated the mechanical activation of portland cement using vibro-milling. In this investigation, the duration of the vibro-milling was systematically varied and its influence was evaluated using mortar samples. In addition, the amount of activated cement used in the mortar samples was varied and evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate differences in hydration products and the structure of activated cement and mortars. The activated cements were tested to determine the influence of activation on the rate of hydration and compressive strength development. The test results suggested that the use of mechanical activation can improve early-age structure formations and compressive strength. A 32% and 25% increase in 1-day strength were observed for the systems with Type I and Class H cements, respectively. This increase in 28-day strength was 16% and 58% for Type I and Class H cement, respectively. It was observed that longer milling times did not necessarily improve performance, and 15 min appeared to be sufficient vibro-milling time to provide valuable benefits. |
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| Keywords: | Mechanically activated cement Vibro-mill Calorimetry Compressive strength Degree of hydration |
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