A novel one-pot synthesis of tetragonal sulfated zirconia catalyst with high activity for biodiesel production from the transesterification of soybean oil |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;2. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030021, China;1. Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration, M.O.E, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;2. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;1. Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ataturk, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran;3. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, L1H 7K4, Canada;4. Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstr 18, 10587 Berlin, Germany;1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;2. Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta Street 84, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland |
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| Abstract: | A sulfated zirconia catalyst has been prepared by a novel one-pot vapor-controlled synthesis route using ammonium persulphate as sulfate agent. A possible formation mechanism of the catalyst is proposed. The effect of calcination temperature and S/Zr molar ratio on the structural, textural and catalytic properties of the prepared catalyst were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) which was equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). The results indicated that the samples calcined at 500 °C possessed zirconia of pure tetragonal structure, more content of sulfur and better distribution of acid sites on the surface of zirconia compared with the samples calcined at 600 °C at fixed S/Zr molar ratio. Moreover, they showed excellent catalytic activity with 100% yields of biodiesel for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. |
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| Keywords: | Sulfated zirconia Tetragonal structure Biodiesel Transesterification Soybean oil |
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