Seasonal study of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk of four dairy species in Yazd,Iran |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 34141, Iran;2. Research Institute of Zoonotic Diseases, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 34141, Iran;3. Member of the Iranian Veterinary Council, Iran;1. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Laboratory for Residue Control, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Veterinary Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Radićeva 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;3. General Department, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;1. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;2. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Prague, Czech Republic;1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy;2. Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy;1. School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;2. Mycotoxin Analytical Centre, Chemistry Department, Penang Branch, Jalan Tull, 10450, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan;4. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;1. Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;2. Center for Food Analysis, Zmaja od Noćaja 11, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia |
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| Abstract: | This survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in samples of raw milk obtained from cow, sheep, goat, and camel herds in Yazd province during different seasons. Aflatoxin M1 was analyzed using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique for screening and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for confirmatory purposes. The detection rates of AFM1 in cow, sheep, goat, and camel milk samples were 46.5%, 21.6%, 20.1%, and 4.03%, respectively. Levels of the toxin in 15.4% of cow milk, 11.5% of sheep milk, and 9.15% of goat milk samples exceeded the legal limit (0.050 μg/kg) recommended by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran; while none of the camel milk samples exceeded the legal limit. The occurrence and levels of AFM1 in cow milk samples from industrial dairy farms was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than those from traditional ones. Seasonal variations influenced the occurrence and levels of AFM1 in cow, sheep, and goat milk; however, no statistically significant seasonal effect was found for camel milk. This study indicates a high occurrence of AFM1 in cow milk especially those obtained from traditional dairy farms. Therefore, more supervision is required on these farms; and traditional dairy farms should be gradually replaced by industrial ones. |
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| Keywords: | Raw milk Dairy species Seasonal variation Iran |
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