Approach for Acoustic Transit Time flow measurement in sections of varying shape: Theoretical fundamentals and implementation in practice |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Aircraft Manufacturing Technology Department, National Aerospace University, Kharkiv, Ukraine;2. Lucerne University of Applied Science and Arts, School of Engineering and Architecture, Switzerland;1. CNRS-PROMES, 7 rue du Four Solaire, 66120 Font-Romeu, France;2. EDF R&D, 1 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 92140 Clamart, France;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Room 516, College Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, 1947 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;1. Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China;2. Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Chengdu 610041, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the generalization of the Acoustic Transit Time (ATT) flow measurement method currently embodied in ultrasonic flow meters. First, the existing theoretical fundamentals that cover flow measurement in regular conduits are presented and relevant design features of typical ultrasonic flow meters are described. A detailed derivation of a measurement method for the generalized theoretical fundamentals of multipath ATT flow is then presented. This generalization consists of extending the existing theoretical background in the case of an irregular section, which is defined as a section that has a non-standard shape and/or a varying shape and size, e.g. one that has transition from a rectangular to a circular section. On the basis of the derived generalized theory, the approach for flow measurement in such irregular sections is developed. This approach is then tested numerically using an example of a converging measurement section that represents the water intake of the Kaplan unit. During the test of the new approach, the flow rate and flow profile at the inlet were varied to investigate the effect of such variations on the accuracy of flow rate determination. Results for a significant flow profile and flow rate variations show that the overall error dispersion of the flow rate evaluation is of the order of 0.5%. |
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| Keywords: | Acoustic Transit Time method Ultrasonic flow meters Irregular sections Flow measurement |
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