中高温热泵技术在工业余热回收中的应用

我国许多行业对热源的需求温度多集中在75～200℃之间，且存在着低温余热大量浪费的情况，可以把热能由低温位热源转移到高温位热源的中高温热泵技术有着巨大的应用空间。对高温热泵的研究多集中在适宜工质的选择和制热效率提高这两个方面。国外的研究起步较早，混合工质方面的研究成果目前仍处于技术保密阶段。国内研究起步较晚，主要研究成果集中在高校，但尚未找到一种公认的环境友好、性能优越的高温热泵工质。近几年，国内在油田含油污水的余热回收．坑口电厂冷却水和矿井涌水的余热回收，涂装、电镀车间余热回收等领域进行了高温热泵技术的实际性工程应用，经济效益和环保显著．不仅节省了大量的化石能源，而且减少了二氧化碳的排放。但高温热泵技术在实际应用中还存在设备腐蚀等问题．需要结合余热源的具体情况采取相应的措施加以解决。

The Application of Medium and High Temperature Heat Pumps in Industrial Waste Heat Recovery

The heat source temperature needs of many industries in China concentrate on the range from 75℃ to 200℃ and a large amount of low-temperature residual heat has been wasted.This has created enormous room for the application of high and medium-temperature heat pump technology ,which can transfer heat from low-temperature heat sources to high-temperature heat sources.The research on high-temperature heat pumps has largely been concentrated on the selection of proper working media and the increase of heating efficien- cy.Some foreign countries started the research in this area much earlier than China and the achievements they have made in the research on mixed working media are still in the non-disclosure stage.In China,high- er education institutions are playing a leading role in working medium research,but have not yet found a recognized environmentally friendly,high-performance working medium for high-temperature heat pumps.In re- cent years,high-temperature heat pump technology has been applied in actual projects in China,in the fields of recovering residual heat in oily water from oilfields ,in cooling water and mine inflows in pithead power plants ,and from coating and electroplating workshops.The application of this technology has brought users both economic and environmental benefits--it has not only helped save a large amount of fossil fuel but has also helped reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.However,high-temperature heat pump technology has demonstrated some defects in actual application,such as equipment corrosion,and therefore corresponding measures should be taken according to the specifics of the residual heat sources.