Water Diversions and Interbasin Transfers

Abstract

Interbasin water diversion generates some of the largest controversies and deepest conflicts in water resources development. These transfers have become multi-disciplinary problems. The more water purposes served in a interbasin water transfer, the more complex the resolutions of problems are. Geomorphological, geological, and hydrological properties of diversion region are crucial factors in transfers. Interbasin transfers make the region an important planning unit. Controversies in transfers result from losses and damages in the basin of origin. Many large projects for water transfers around the world still await decisions on construction. Diversion projects now require long periods to study and large planning and design investments, with detailed studies of all transfer aspects, including environmental impacts. The compensation for losses in the basin of origin is important, though often it takes into account only the water uses but not others (recreation, instream water values, ecology, etc.). Controversies among basins and regions may create serious political divisions and infights in the state as well as among the states. In general, factors must be taken into account, including the prohibition of interbasin water transfers. Equity funds within the states may resolve some of the controversies. The role of governments may be to plan water resources development, create policies and strategies, and provide legislation. Regional water plans and their coordination by the state agencies may lead to a good compromise and a mutually-acceptable solution. Interbasin transfers may lead to very complex legal problems. Each of the three standard methods of conflict resolution—the administrative-legal, arbitration, and market decision (negotiation, contracts, compensation) has its place in resolving controversies.