长江保护与利用面临的水问题及其对策思考

目前长江流域已基本形成了水资源综合利用与综合防灾减灾体系,也初步构建了水环境改善与水生态保护治理框架;但面对新时期长江大保护和长江经济带高质量发展的新要求,还存在一些不足。深入剖析了当前存在的水资源用水方式粗放、废污水排放严重、水生生物多样性下降、局部洪旱灾害频发等问题及其特征,并基于流域水系统的整体性、系统性以及内在规律,探讨长江流域水环境恶化、水生态损害、水资源短缺与水旱灾害等“四水问题”的应对策略以及协同治理方式。

Water Problems and Their Countermeasures in the Protection and Developing of the Yangtze River

At present, the systems of comprehensive utilization of water resources and comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction have been basically formed in the Yangtze River Basin, and the framework of water environment improvement and water ecological protection and governance has been preliminarily established. Nevertheless, the Great Protection of Yangtze River and the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in the new era pose new requirements while shortcomings still exist. In the present paper, we probed into current existing problems, including extensive water usage, severe waste water discharge, declining aquatic biodiversity, and frequent local floods and droughts. According to the integrity, systematicness and inherent law of the Yangtze River water system, we put forward strategies and coordinated governance approaches for four water problems: water environment deterioration, water ecology damage, water resources shortage, and flood and drought disasters.