Microstructure and properties of Co-, Ni-, Zn-, Nb- and W-modified multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics |
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| Authors: | Feridoon Azough Robert Freer Michael Thrall Robert Cernik Floriana Tuna David Collison |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester M1 7HS, UK;2. School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;1. Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;2. Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;1. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China;2. Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China;1. Co-Innovation Center for Green Building of Shandong Province, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China;3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;4. Advanced Ceramics Institute of Zibo New & High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China;5. Shandong Women''s University, Jinan 250300, Shandong, China;1. School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Provence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, PR China;2. Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China;1. School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People''s Republic of China;2. Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People''s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | BiFeO3 polycrystalline ceramics were prepared by the mixed oxide route and a chemical route, using additions of Co, ZnO, NiO, Nb2O5 and WO3. The powders were calcined at 700 °C and then pressed and sintered at 800–880 °C for 4 h. High density products up to 96% theoretical were obtained by the use of CoO, ZnO or NiO additions. X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM confirmed the formation of the primary BiFeO3 and a spinel secondary phase (CoFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 or NiFe2O4 depending on additive). Minor parasitic phases Bi2Fe4O9 and Bi25FeO39 reduced in the presence of CoO, ZnO or NiO. Additions of Nb2O5 and WO3 did not give rise to any grain boundary phases but dissolved in BiFeO3 lattice. HRTEM revealed the presence of domain structures with stripe configurations having widths of typically 200 nm. In samples prepared with additives the activation energy for conduction was in the range 0.78–0.95 eV compared to 0.72 eV in the undoped specimens. In co-doped specimens (Co/Nb or Co/W) the room temperature relative permittivity was ～110 and the high frequency dielectric loss peaks were suppressed. Undoped ceramics were antiferromagnetic but samples prepared with Co or Ni additions were ferromagnetic; for 1% CoO addition the remanent magnetization (MR) values were 1.08 and 0.35 emu/g at temperatures of 5 and 300 K, respectively. |
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