Mechanisms of cholesterol removal by lactobacilli under conditions that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract |
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| Authors: | Huey-Shi Lye Gulam Rusul Rahmat-Ali Min-Tze Liong |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China;2. School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China;3. College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China;2. Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China;1. Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India;2. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan;3. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India;1. Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China;2. College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China;3. China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;4. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;5. College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China |
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| Abstract: | Five strains of lactobacilli were studied for their ability to remove cholesterol in vitro under conditions that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract. The highest assimilation of cholesterol was observed in media supplemented with oxgall and the lowest in the presence of taurocholic acid. Scanning electron micrographs showed that cholesterol was adhered to the cellular surface of lactobacilli cells. Resting and dead cells were able to remove cholesterol although in small amounts. Additionally, inhibition of cholesterol micelles formation was observed in the presence of bile salts. All strains were able to deconjugate bile salts, where higher deconjugation was observed in the presence of sodium glycocholate compared with other bile salts studied. All strains also exhibited bile salt hydrolase activity and most strains showed higher substrate specificity towards glycine-conjugated bile than towards taurine-conjugated bile. The results indicated that lactobacilli could remove cholesterol in vitro via various mechanisms, and may exert such hypocholesterolaemic effects in vivo. |
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