机械密封的发展历程与研究动向

介绍了机械密封的产生及其发展背景，阐述了机械密封每一阶段发展的主要动力。综述50年来构建机械密封机理的表面张力假说和粘滞力假说。基于表面张力假说，机械密封存在空化、汽化密封理论；基于粘滞力假说，存在边界润滑、混合润滑密封理论。在不断探索机械密封机理的同时，成功地利用密封机理设计制造了机械密封产品。目前先进的机械密封应用技术主要有表面改形技术、组合密封技术和可控机械密封技术。阐明了现有密封理论都存在着无法解决的问题，指出了机械密封的研究动向。提高机械密封端面参数测试的可靠性是研究和揭示机械密封有关规律的关键；可控机械密封实践仍存在不少难点，包括最佳工况点的求取、控制参数的选择与测量、反馈执行机构的研制等；纳米材料的特殊性能有助于改善机械密封端面间润滑状态，开发纳米材料机械密封和应用纳米冲洗液将是机械密封研究的近期目标。

Development Course and Research Trend on the Mechanical Seal

The generation and development background of mecanical seal was introduced.The main power of development was discussed for mechanical seal in every period of development.In past of 50 years,the hypothesis of surface tension and the hypothesis of sticky strength set up the sealing mechanism.There is cavitation and flash based on surface tension and boundary lubrication and mixed film lubrication based on sticky strength.By exploring and using the sealing mechanism,the produce of mechanical seal was successful designed and manufactured.At present,the advanced technology of mechanical seal is the surface shape changed,the combined seal and the controllable mechanical seal.It is pointed that there are some problems which are difficult to be solved in the seal mechanism and the research trend of mechanical seal was presented.Improved the reliability of parameter testing is the key of research and uncover the sealing mechanism.There are some problems for operating controllable mechanical seal,including deriving the best work point,choosing and testing controlling parameter and researching feedback performing device.The especial performance of nano-material is helpful to improve lubrication between two seal ring.It is recent item that develops nano material mechanical and nano material flush fluid.