A balanced design procedure for special concentrically braced frame connections

Concentrically braced frames (CBFs) are stiff, strong structures that are suitable for resisting large lateral loads. Special CBFs (SCBF) are used for seismic design and are designed and detailed to sustain relatively large inelastic deformations without significant deterioration in resistance. Current AISC Seismic Design Provisions aim to ensure the brace sustains the required inelastic action, but recent research showed that current SCBF design requirements lead to variable seismic performance, unintended failure modes, and limited deformation capacity. To improve the seismic response of SCBFs, a balanced design procedure was proposed. The premise of the design methodology is to balance the primary yield mechanism, brace buckling and yielding, with other, complementary ductile yielding mechanisms, such as gusset plate yielding. This balance process maximizes ductile yielding in the frame thereby maximizing the drift capacity of the frame. Further, the undesirable failure modes are balanced with the yield mechanisms and the preferred failure mode, brace fracture, to ensure that the frame fails in the desired manner. To achieve the objectives of the design methodology namely maximum drift capacity, and adherence to a desired yield and failure hierarchy, rational resistance checks and appropriate balance factors (β factors) are used to balance each yield mechanism and failure mode. These factors were developed, validated, and refined using the measured results from an extensive test program. An SCBF connection design example to illustrate the application of the balanced design method and to demonstrate differences from the current AISC design method is presented in an appendix.