Kinetics of methyl ester production from mixed crude palm oil by using acid-alkali catalyst |
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Authors: | Surachai JansriSukritthira B Ratanawilai Michael L AllenGumpon Prateepchaikul |
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Affiliation: | a The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut''s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailandb Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Had Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailandc Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Had Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand |
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Abstract: | The production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid mixed crude palm oil using a two-stage process was investigated. The kinetics of the reactions was determined in a batch reactor at various reaction temperatures. It was found that the optimum conditions for reducing high free fatty acid (FFA) in MCPO (8-12 wt.%/wt oil) using esterification was a 10:1 molar ratio of methanol to FFA and using 10 wt.%/wt of sulfuric acid (based on FFA) as catalyst. The subsequent transesterification reaction to convert triglycerides to the methyl ester was found to be optimal using 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to the triglyceride (TG) in MCPO and using 0.6 wt.%/volTG sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Both reactions were carried out in a stirred batch reactor over a period of 20 min at 55, 60 and 65 °C. The concentration of compounds in each sample was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (TLC/FID), Karl Fischer, and titration techniques. The results were used for calculating the rate coefficients by using the curve-fitting tool of MATLAB. Optimal reaction rate coefficients for the forward and reverse esterification reactions of FFA were 1.340 and 0.682 l mol−1 min−1, respectively. The corresponding optimal transesterification, rate coefficients for the forward reactions of TG, diglyceride (DG), and monoglyceride (MG) of transesterification were 2.600, 1.186, and 2.303 l mol−1 min−1, and for the reverse reactions were 0.248, 0.227, and 0.022 l mol−1 min−1, respectively. |
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Keywords: | Biodiesel Free fatty acid Kinetics Methyl ester Palm oil Two-stage process |
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