Olive oil and modulation of cell signaling in disease prevention |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Klaus?W?J?WahleEmail author Donatella?Caruso Julio?J?Ochoa Jose?L?Quiles |
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Affiliation: | (1) School of Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, AB25 1HG Aberdeen, Scotland UK;(2) Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy;(3) Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Spain |
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Abstract: | Epidemiological studies show that populations consuming a predominantly plant-based Mediterranean-style diet exhibit lower
incidences of chronic diseases than those eating a northern European or North American diet. This observation has been attributed
to the greater consumption of fruits and vegetables and the lower consumption of animal products, particularly fat. Although
total fat intake in Mediterranean populations can be higher than in other regions (ca. 40% of calories), the greater proportion
is derived from olive oil and not animals. Increased olive oil consumption is implicated in a reduction in cardiovascular
disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and, to a lesser extent, a variety of cancers. Olive oil intake also has been shown to modulate
immune function, particularly the inflammatory processes associated with the immune system. Olive oil is a nonoxidative dietary
component, and the attenuation of the in-flammatory process it elicits could explain its beneficial effects on disease risk
since oxidative and inflammatory stresses appear to be underlying factors in the etiology of these diseases in man. The antioxidant
effects of olive oil are probably due to a combination of its high oleic acid content (low oxidation potential compared with
linoleic acid) and its content of a variety of plant antioxidants, particularly oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol. It
is also possible that the high oleic acid content and a proportionate reduction in linoleic acid intake would allow a greater
conversion of α-linolenic acid (18∶3n−3) to longer-chain n−3 PUFA, which have characteristic health benefits. Adoption of
a Mediterranean diet could confer health benefits in high-risk populations. |
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