广东省居民主要膳食镉暴露风险的初步评估

目的分析主要食物中镉含量水平,对广东省居民通过膳食途径暴露镉的健康风险进行初步的评估。方法 2009年在全省21地市采集15类食物共2 200份,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食物中镉的含量,结合居民膳食消费数据,比照镉的暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)及安全限值(MOS)初步评估广东省居民主要食物的镉暴露风险。结果 15类食物中紫菜中镉含量最高,为1 830.0μg/kg。城乡居民通过大米、蔬菜类、鱼虾类、动物内脏类四类食物每月膳食镉暴露量分别为1 314.6和1 394.3μg。大米对城市和农村居民膳食镉的贡献率最高,分别为50.1%和64.9%,且以粤北地区最高。结论主要食品对居民膳食镉的平均贡献水平未超过PTMI值,MOS值大于1,居民膳食镉暴露水平总体上安全。由于我国南方地区居民大米的消费量大及其对居民膳食镉贡献率最高,有必要加强大米可能的镉污染问题研究,并从源头上预防污染。

Preliminary risk assessment on the dietary exposure of Cd in Guangdong residents

Objective To analyze the cadmium level of main food,and preliminarily assess the risk of dietary cadmium exposure of people in Guangdong province.Methods In 2009,2 200 samples of 15 food groups were collected from 21 cities of the province.Cadmium contents in food were determined by using graphite furnace atomic absorption method and then the cadmium exposure from main food was estimated by combining the concentration of cadmium in foods with food consumption data.The health risk was assessed by comparing the cadmium exposure with provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI) and the margins of safety(MOS) of cadmium.Results The concentration of cadmium in seaweed was 1830 μg/kg,which was the highest among the 15 food groups being tested.Rice,vegetable,fish,shrimp and animal offal contributed totally 1 314.6 and 1 394.3μg cadmium exposure per month in urban and rural residents respectively.Rice,as a most important contributor,contributed 50.1% and 64.9% to the total dietary cadmium exposure of urban and rural residents,respectively,and contributed more in the north of Guangdong Province.Conclusion The average dietary cadmium exposure from the main food did not exceed the PTMI,and the MOS is bigger than 1,so the level of dietary cadmium exposure is safe in general.However,based on the big consumption of rice in southern China and the high contribution rate of rice to dietary cadmium exposure,more attention should be paid to the possible cadmium contaminated rice to prevent the source of pollution.