食品防腐剂、消毒剂和臭氧对香蕉货架寿命的影响

炭疽病是影响香蕉采后货架寿命限制因子。为了寻找国家标准允许使用的控制香蕉采后炭疽病的方法,从腐烂香蕉上分离炭疽病菌,并进行鉴定。对纯水中炭疽病菌添加消毒剂和臭氧进行处理,在培养基上分别添加多种食品防腐剂、消毒剂和臭氧处理,抑制该菌孢子的萌发和菌丝的生长,筛选出抑制效果好的处理。对香蕉用所选防腐剂、消毒剂和臭氧处理进行保鲜试验,结果发现3 mg/kg的桂醛、50 mg/kg的戊二醛、10 mg/kg的二氧化氯、10 g/h臭氧处理对纯水中炭疽病菌的消毒效果很好,但对培养基上炭疽病菌消毒效果不好。0.24%亚硫酸氢钠可以完全抑制炭疽病孢子萌发,且对炭疽病菌丝生长抑制作用最强。12 mg/kg对羟基苯甲酸乙酯有较强的抑制炭疽病孢子萌发和菌丝生长作用。山梨酸钾、双乙酸钠、苯甲酸钠、脱氢醋酸钠、丙酸钙对香蕉炭疽病菌抑制效果较差。10 g/h臭氧处理香蕉10 min,12 mg/kg对羟基苯甲酸乙酯洗果3 min,与500 mg/kg多菌灵抑菌效果类似,消毒处理均显著好于对照。先臭氧处理或戊二醛、桂醛、二氧化氯处理,后对羟基苯甲酸乙酯处理,可以控制香蕉炭疽病,延长香蕉货架寿命。

The Effect of Preservatives, Disinfectants and Ozone on Shelf Life of Banana

Banana anthracnose was a limited factor of post harvest banana shelf life.The experiment was carried out for finding out some national standard permissible food additives or method for restraining banana anthracnose.Colletotrichum musae was isolated from diseased fruit of banana,was classified and identified.Several food disinfectants were added and ozone were used for arresting conidia of Colletotrichum musae in pure water.Several food preservatives and disinfectants were added,and ozone were used for inhabiting Colletotrichum musae growth in the culture matrix respectively for finding out the optimum effective treatment to suppress the fungi spores fermentation and mycelium growth.Then banana was treated with the selected preservatives and disinfectants and ozone for inhibiting banana anthracnose and prolong its shelf life.The result showed that the treatments of 3 mg/kg cinnamic aldehyde,50 mg/kg glutaric dialdehyde,10 mg/kg chlorine dioxide and 10 g/h ozone had strong disinfect ability for conidia of Colletotrichum musae in pure water,but the disinfect ability reduced significantly in the culture matrix.The inhibiting rate of the spore germination of 0.24% sodium bisulfite treatment was 100% and its mycelial growth inhibition was strongest.12 mg/kg ethyl paraben treatment also effectively restrained spore germination and mycelial growth.Potassium sorbate,diacetic acid,sodium benzoate、dehydroacetic acid,calcium propionate retarded banana anthracnose growth slightly.The treatment of 10 g/hr ozone for 10mins or the treatment of 12 mg/kg ethyl paraben dipped banana for 3 mins had similar effect with 500 mg/kg carbendazim treatments for inhibiting Colletotrichum musae growth.All treatments had significant effect for inhibiting the fungi growth than that of the control.Pretreatment with ozone,or cinnamic aldehyde,or glutaric dialdehyde,or chlorine dioxide,then dipping with ethyl paraben could inhibit banana anthracnose and prolong banana shelf life.