原油裂解的动力学及控制因素研究

基于黄金管模拟实验对原油裂解的动力学及控制因素进行了研究。通过气态烃的定量分析，发现原油的持续裂解使得总裂解气体积及CH₄产量不断增加，而C_2-5的产量则先增加后减少。动力学计算可得，HD11井原油裂解生气总反应的平均活化能为59.8 kcal/mol(250.0 kJ/mol），频率因子A为2.13 ×10¹³ s-1。残留原油组分的色质分析结果表明，不同族组分的相对稳定性存在差异，且原油中的大分子更容易发生裂解。同时，不同介质条件下的对比实验结果及前人的研究，都证实了压力、水及粘土矿物等因素很可能影响甚至控制原油的裂解。尽管作用机制不同，高压和水的存在都能抑制裂解过程中的自由基链反应，从而起到提高原油稳定性的效果。而粘土矿物，尤其是蒙脱石或伊/蒙混层矿物，则会通过酸催化作用加速原油或烃类的裂解，且裂解气产率与矿物表面的Brnsted酸位强度成正相关。

Research on the Kinetics and Controlling Factors for Oil Cracking

This paper studied the kinetics and controlling factors for oil cracking process by gold-tube pyrolysis experiments.Yields analysis of the gas hydrocarbons generated from pyrolysis of HD11 crude oils indicated that the yields of total gas and methane increased with the heating process,while a sudden decrease occurred following an initial increase for that of C2-5 due to their subsequent cracking.The average active energy and frequency factor A for total cracking reaction of HD11 crude were calculated to be ...