Toward Flexible Embodied Energy: Scale-Inspired Overlapping Lithium-Ion Batteries with High-Energy-Density and Variable Stiffness |
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| Authors: | Yinhua Bao Haojie Liu Zeang Zhao Xu Ma Xing-Yu Zhang Guanzhong Liu Wei-Li Song |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China;2. Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China;3. State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016 China |
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| Abstract: | High performance flexible batteries are essential ingredients for flexible devices. However, general isolated flexible batteries face critical challenges in developing multifunctional embodied energy systems, owing to the lack of integrative design. Herein, inspired by scales in creatures, overlapping flexible lithium-ion batteries (FLIBs) consisting of energy storage scales and connections using LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) and graphite electrodes are presented. The scale-dermis structure ensures a high energy density of 374.4 Wh L?1 as well as a high capacity retention of 93.2% after 200 charge/discharge cycles and 40 000 bending times. A variable stiffness property is revealed that can be controlled by battery configurations and deformation modes. Furthermore, the overlapping FLIBs can be housed directly into the architecture of several flexible devices, such as robots and grippers, allowing to create multifunctionalities that go far beyond energy storage and include load-bearing and variable flexibility. This study broadens the versatility of FLIBs toward energy storage structure engineering of flexible devices. |
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| Keywords: | flexible lithium-ion batteries high energy density multifunctional design structural batteries variable stiffness |
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