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Plasma Technology Increases the Efficacy of Prothioconazole against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium proliferatum Contamination of Maize (Zea mays) Seedlings
Authors:Mario Masiello  Stefania Somma  Chiara Lo Porto  Fabio Palumbo  Pietro Favia  Francesco Fracassi  Antonio Francesco Logrieco  Antonio Moretti
Affiliation:1.Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (A.F.L.);2.Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.P.); (P.F.); (F.F.);3.Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
Abstract:The contamination of maize by Fusarium species able to produce mycotoxins raises great concern worldwide since they can accumulate these toxic metabolites in field crop products. Furthermore, little information exists today on the ability of Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium graminearum, two well know mycotoxigenic species, to translocate from the seeds to the plants up to the kernels. Marketing seeds coated with fungicide molecules is a common practice; however, since there is a growing need for reducing chemicals in agriculture, new eco-friendly strategies are increasingly tested. Technologies based on ionized gases, known as plasmas, have been used for decades, with newer material surfaces, products, and approaches developed continuously. In this research, we tested a plasma-generated bilayer coating for encapsulating prothioconazole at the surface of maize seeds, to protect them from F. graminearum and F. proliferatum infection. A minimum amount of chemical was used, in direct contact with the seeds, with no dispersion in the soil. The ability of F. graminearum and F. proliferatum species to translocate from seeds to seedlings of maize has been clearly proven in our in vitro experiments. As for the use of plasma technology, the combined use of the plasma-generated coating with embedded prothioconazole was the most efficient approach, with a higher reduction of the infection of the maize seminal root system and stems. The debated capability of the two Fusarium species to translocate from seeds to seedlings has been demonstrated. The plasma-generated coating with embedded prothioconazole resulted in a promising sustainable approach for the protection of maize seedlings.
Keywords:eco-friendly strategies  germinability  mycotoxins  systemic transmission
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