Non-Canonical Helical Structure of Nucleic Acids Containing Base-Modified Nucleotides |
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| Authors: | Thananjeyan Balasubramaniyam Kwnag-Im Oh Ho-Seong Jin Hye-Bin Ahn Byeong-Seon Kim Joon-Hwa Lee |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.B.); (K.-I.O.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-B.A.);2.The Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea;3.Department of Chemistry Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea |
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| Abstract: | Chemically modified nucleobases are thought to be important for therapeutic purposes as well as diagnosing genetic diseases and have been widely involved in research fields such as molecular biology and biochemical studies. Many artificially modified nucleobases, such as methyl, halogen, and aryl modifications of purines at the C8 position and pyrimidines at the C5 position, are widely studied for their biological functions. DNA containing these modified nucleobases can form non-canonical helical structures such as Z-DNA, G-quadruplex, i-motif, and triplex. This review summarizes the synthesis of chemically modified nucleotides: (i) methylation, bromination, and arylation of purine at the C8 position and (ii) methylation, bromination, and arylation of pyrimidine at the C5 position. Additionally, we introduce the non-canonical structures of nucleic acids containing these modifications. |
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| Keywords: | C8-modification C5-modification methylation bromination arylation Z-DNA G-quadruplex i-motif triplex non-canonical DNA |
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